{"id":13866,"date":"2022-09-03T05:07:52","date_gmt":"2022-09-03T15:07:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/thefilipinochronicle.com\/backup\/?p=13866"},"modified":"2023-09-14T12:59:04","modified_gmt":"2023-09-14T22:59:04","slug":"hawaii-food-prices-rank-first-in-the-nation-tips-on-savings","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/thefilipinochronicle.com\/backup\/2022\/09\/03\/hawaii-food-prices-rank-first-in-the-nation-tips-on-savings\/","title":{"rendered":"Hawaii Food Prices Rank First in the Nation, Tips on Savings"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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by Edwin Quinabo

Like families across the U.S., Hawaii is feeling the pinch when it comes to skyrocketing food prices. And relative to mainlanders, Hawaii locals could be experiencing the most severe strain on their food budget according to the Economic Policy Institute (EPI) that places Hawaii at the top in the nation for food costs.

A family of four in Hawaii can expect to spend an estimated annual food cost average of $14,042 in 2022, the highest amount among states. Compare that to number two Massachusetts \u2013 a substantial drop off \u2013 at $11,674, or last place Kentucky, $8,527. EPI also lists a Hawaii typical family\u2019s income at $97,813 (above the national average of $80,069).

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics lists food costs as the second biggest (next to housing) portion of household incomes in Honolulu; and it shows food prices have increased by 11% from last year.

Some of the breakdown of rising costs include: \u00a0cereal and bakery products were up 14% while meat, poultry, fish and eggs rose 12%. Dairy prices were up over 10%, while both produce and beverages were up 7%.

EPI lists Hawaii\u2019s SNAP (formerly called food stamps) recipients at 11.8% (lower than the national average of 12.1%).

Mark (last name withheld), Kunia, 24, recent graduate from the University of Hawaii, is thinking about enrolling in Hawaii\u2019s SNAP program. Mark lives with his parents and sister and collectively, he believes, they probably would not qualify for SNAP. But as a newbie to the workforce, he thinks he might qualify. (Hawaii SNAP Eligibility Information – Oct. 1, 2021 through Sept. 30, 2022, Net Income and Asset requirement: 1 person $2470 \/ month, 2 people $3340 \/ month, 3 people $4210 \/ month, 4 people $5080 \/ month)

\u201cI don\u2019t have a problem with anyone making use of SNAP. But I\u2019m not sure if it\u2019s for me because no one in my family has ever got assistance in this way. The cost of food, though, has gone up really high. My mother, retired, does the cooking for the family. She also shops for groceries. My sister and I give her more money for our monthly house food budget. But it\u2019s not just rising food costs. Our utilities have gone up too. I\u2019m trying to save money. This is why I\u2019m still at home, to be able to get a good nest of money before I go out on my own. It\u2019s frustrating, not being able to save as much.

\u201cFor me, my situation is about saving less. I imagine others like single parents, whose situation are far more dire, are really struggling with inflation and affording basics like food. Now I am cutting back on my spending. I used to eat out for lunch but now I pack home lunches. It\u2019s rare for me to go out to restaurants now. Even restaurants are charging more too,\u201d Mark said.

According to the\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>Food Gurus Hawaii Restaurant Index<\/em><\/strong><\/a> restaurants raised menu prices as much as 24% during this year\u2019s first quarter.

In the first quarter restaurants customer sales grew by a robust 21% (from 2021), but in the second quarter increased by 3%. The dramatic drop in foot traffic and sales at restaurants between the first two quarters this year showed customers are affected by restaurant price hikes, which is \u00a0why in the second quarter of 2022, Hawaii restaurants raised prices by 1%.

On Oahu, the first half of the year saw an average of 5% increase of customers from 2021, showing modest improvement from the pandemic highpoint. Experts believe if it weren\u2019t for rising food prices, restaurants would be performing better.

Common reasons Hawaii restaurants are raising prices: 1) food prices have gone up for them, 2) they need to pay their workers more, 3) utilities have gone up, and 4) they don\u2019t want to go out of business.

<\/em>Overall inflation in Hawaii, Proportion of income spent on excess inflation
<\/em><\/strong>University of Hawaii Economic Research Organization (UHERO) estimates that in March, the Urban Hawaii (Honolulu) Consumer Price Index (CPI) was 7.5% higher than it was one year ago.

Honolulu last saw an elevated\u00a0inflation rate<\/a>\u00a0of 6.0% briefly in mid-2006, but otherwise inflation has not been over 7.5% since 1991.

\u201cThe recent surge stands in stark contrast to the inflation experience of recent years: between 2017 and 2020, Honolulu inflation averaged just 1.9%. If we take 1.9% to be the typical inflation rate for Honolulu, then the additional 5.6% inflation for the year ending in March can be thought of as \u2018excess inflation,\u2019\u201d wrote UHERO\u2019s Daniela Bond-Smith, Steven Bond-Smith and Carl Bonham.

UHERO pointed out to the varying impact on inflation based off income-earners in Hawaii. It found expenditure shares vary a lot by income quintile. The lowest income households, in the first quintile, earned less than $38,800 in 2020. These households spent 48% of their total expenditures on housing and household utilities. In contrast, the highest quintile earned more than $163,600, allocated only 32% of their total spending to housing and household utilities. This shows lower incomed earners are spending more of their income by percentage than higher income earners.

Pangs of food inflation, affecting cross section of population
<\/em><\/strong>Seniors in general because of their fixed incomes, are more susceptible to the financial pressures of inflation.

Teresita Bernales, Ed.D., Kailua, said \u201cwe are in a different and difficult situation. My husband\u00a0and I are retired and on fixed income. Food prices have been going up and yet our income is the same.\u00a0 We are running on deficit each\u00a0time new price increases hit the grocery shelves.\u00a0 Food costs have increased at least 10% for the past 12 months. This is certainly affecting our monthly budget in a very significant way.\u201d\u00a0While many seniors struggle with managed care of their finances during the inflation crunch, other seniors are in crisis-level situations.

Ludivina Domingo 83, told Hawaii News Now, that she goes to the church (WallyHouse at St. Elizabeth\u2019s Episcopal Church in Kalihi) for a meal. \u201cI\u2019m here to get the food bank because my Social Security is not enough for me every month,\u201d Domingo said, a retiree from Hawaii\u2019s hotel industry. Domingo said her only income cannot keep up with rising costs.

Charitable food pantries like Hawaii Foodbank said the number of people it\u2019s serving has gone up in the last six months. In the last month, it experienced a 15% increase. Hawaii Foodbank said their estimate of food from meats, poultry, fish and eggs since the pandemic have risen by 30% (rice alone up by 15%).

Ron Iwamoto, Pearl City, estimates he is shouldering about 10% more on food. Like many in Hawaii, he says: \u201cFood prices going up on its own wouldn\u2019t be that bad. But when you\u2019re looking at rising costs of just about everything, it begins to hurt. And suddenly, I think like most locals, we\u2019re all looking at food price tags when shopping.\u201d

Hawaii is the most expensive state for energy in the nation (in 2021), with the highest average monthly electricity bill, according to\u00a0a report by Finder.com<\/a>. The average monthly energy bill in Hawaii is $321, or $3,856 a year, according to the platform\u2019s analysis.

Joseph Kent, Punchbowl, said his family\u2019s monthly grocery bill has gone up by 10-15%. But some grocery items, like milk, have gone up by 25%. He\u2019s noticed milk used to be $5.99 a gallon at Safeway, and now it\u2019s $7.49.

Savings tips
<\/em><\/strong>Consumer Reports compiled a few tactics from experts to shave dollars off your shopping bill.

1.) Find alternative protein sources. Amy Keating, RD, a registered dietitian who oversees Consumer Reports\u2019 food testing, said beans and other legumes remain a good nutrition bet. She said dried beans, peas, and lentils prices have gone up 10.5%, compared to most animal proteins that have risen by 19.3%. She says eggs are inexpensive protein alternatives.

2.) Frequent low-cost grocers.

3.) Go with store brands. Consumer Reports finds store-brand foods and beverages, they can cost 20 to 25% less than name brands of the same product.

4.) Use a cash-back credit card.

5.) Use your freezer right.\u00a0Freezing large quantities of sale and seasonal food could save the average family of four $2,000 per year.Kent says his family plans their family dinners according to what\u2019s on sale for the week. He recommends using store coupons that can be found on apps (besides cut out coupons). He\u2019s found Costco and Sam\u2019s Club helpful for bulk buying.

As for shopping tips, Bernales recommends using reward cards, signing up for loyalty programs and avoiding impulse buying by making a shopping list. She says farmers markets are great for fresh produce.

Bernales has tips on savings outside of grocery shopping. She said trying out canning and food preservation methods such as making your own salted eggs, making apple sauce, pickling cucumbers. She recommends making a broth or stock from chicken, meat, fish and excess vegetables like carrots, onions and celery for making sauces and soups.

As for eating at restaurants, both Kent and Bernales say they\u2019ve cut back on the number of times they eat out.

\u201cWe used to eat out 3-4 times a week and due to the pandemic and inflation we have limited eating out for the last three years.\u00a0 If we do (very rarely), we look for a restaurant with outdoor seating or we do take-out. No weekend outings now or socializing\u00a0over food with friends,\u201d Bernales said.

Drivers of higher food prices
<\/em><\/strong>Mainstream economists cite various reasons for the rise in price of food. Some believe the global market is still in pandemic recovery mode; that every part of the food supply chain \u2013 production, processing and retail \u2013 is catching up. Besides bottleneck supply chain, economists cite supply-demand issues, labor turnover.

Experts also believe the war in Ukraine aggravated pandemic recovery by causing energy prices to soar as many Western countries sanctioned Russian oil and gas. Although gas prices have been going down for about a month now, there is expected lag time for other adjustments in the global market, experts say.

While the pandemic is mostly controlled in the West, China\u2019s current surge of COVID-19 has slowed down recovery. As China is the world\u2019s largest exporter of goods, China\u2019s lockdowns are putting additional strain on the global supply chain.

Economists describe these conditions \u2013 pandemic, bottleneck food supply chains, supply-demand, labor turnover, war and energy price hikes, China\u2019s slow recovery \u2013 all as having contributed to the perfect storm for high inflation and rising cost of food.

Monopolization of the food industry, systemic driver of high cost
<\/em><\/strong>Then there are other economists who look to market concentration or monopolies as systemic culprits driving up food prices.

Robert Reich, UC California Berkeley professor, economist, attorney and author, said,\u00a0 \u201cJust four firms control\u00a085% of all beef<\/a>,\u00a066% of all pork, and 54%<\/a>\u00a0of all poultry. This degree of monopolization is hurting farmers \u2014 and you.”

Monopolists\u00a0control nearly every part of the food production process<\/a>, from selling feed to farmers, to packaging the meat and poultry for supermarkets. Half of all chicken farmers report having just one or two processors to sell to<\/a>.

\u201cFarmers are essentially forced to buy from and sell to\u00a0<\/a>monopolies at whatever price the corporation wants \u2013\u00a0often taking on crushing debt<\/a>\u00a0to do so. They are trapped in long-term binding contracts, with no way out but losing their livelihood altogether,\u201d said Reich.

He adds, \u201cin 1980,\u00a062 cents of every dollar consumers spent<\/a>\u00a0on beef went to ranchers.\u00a0Today<\/a>, only\u00a037 cents<\/a>\u00a0do.\u00a0Most of the profits<\/a>\u00a0are going into the pockets of the monopolists. \u00a0And here\u2019s the kicker: Even though farmers are getting squeezed, the ag monopolists are also charging you higher prices. During the pandemic,\u00a0beef prices rose nearly 16<\/a>% \u2014 and the four biggest beef companies\u2019 profits rose\u00a0more than 300 percent<\/a>.\u201c

These corporations are using their monopoly power to fix prices. Just recently,\u00a0beef giant<\/a>\u00a0JBS settled \u2014 without admitting guilt, of course \u2014 a beef price-fixing case\u00a0<\/a>for\u00a0$52.5 million<\/a>. Monopolization is happening across the food sector. In corn,\u00a0soybeans, dairy, pesticides, and farm machinery.<\/a>\u00a0The result is the same: lower pay to farmers,\u00a0bigger profits for the monopolists<\/a>, higher prices for you,\u201d Reich said.

Bernales agrees with some of the economic experts. \u201cMonopoly in all areas of doing business drives prices up and the same is true in the food industry. Food monopolies have undue influence over what farmers grow and how much they are paid.\u00a0 Weak enforcement of regulation and unconstrained mergers and acquisitions have led to the rise\u00a0of food monopolies.\u00a0 Government intervention and help are needed when the situation endangers food security.\u00a0 We need an emphasis to promote and help small businesses, local farmers, and food co-ops as well as more public funding to boost sustainable\u00a0food systems to take root.\u201d

Bolstering Hawaii agriculture and farming
<\/em><\/strong>Since Hawaii\u2019s food security vulnerability was exposed during the pandemic, there is renewed political will to make a serious effort at bolstering Hawaii\u2019s ability to produce sufficient amount of food, at least far more than what is currently produced.

Where does Hawaii stand on imports and locally grown food? Estimates have Hawaii importing between 80-90% of food.

According to the State of Hawaii\u2019s Office of Planning Department of Business Economic Development & Tourism and the Department of Agriculture, Hawaii is self-sufficient in some vegetable and fruit crops but has become less self-sufficient in eggs, milk, livestock, hogs and pigs. In the 1970s, Hawaii was self-sufficient in eggs and milk with 240 eggs farms and 120 milk operations. Today there are about 100 egg farms and only two dairies. Livestock and hog and pig production have also declined since the 1970s.

More than half the fish consumed in Hawaii is caught locally. Hawaii farmers grow a majority of the cabbage, tomatoes, cucumbers. Papaya is so plentiful that it\u2019s one of the State\u2019s top agricultural exports.

Does local grown mean more affordable?
<\/em><\/strong>Would a larger local agricultural and livestock farming help with keeping prices lower?

Experts believe that largely depends on economic principles of supply and demand, scale of production, cost of production. First, locally grown food would not have to be shipped which saves on shipping costs. But that alone doesn\u2019t guarantee cheaper prices. Second, the high cost of production in Hawaii often means that local products are more expensive than imported ones. But if production costs can go down (with better technologically advanced equipment for farming, better irrigation systems and infrastructure) and farmers get the support they need from the state to establish the right scale of production of certain goods (meaning enough is produced to be price competitive), then costs could eventually go down.

Locally produced milk and eggs cost higher because there are too few local dairy farms. Inversely, because some vegetables and fruits are more plentiful, some locally grown vegetables and fruits (commonly found at Farmers markets) tend to be cheaper. There are exceptions.

Specialty food items produced locally are also pricier for the same reason milk and eggs are. Unique items and items where there are shortages in supply, as an economic principle, tend to be more expensive. Increasing supply (ag boost, livestock farming) and having the right amount of demand could in theory lower select food items.

Experts believe improvements in price and availability can be made on certain food products if grown locally under certain conditions of production cost and scale, but staple foods — like wheat and rice (carbohydrates) \u2014 that make up the bulk of Hawaii people\u2019s diets, these items would be difficult to produce because of a lack of land base in the state. So even if there were smaller farms producing them in the future, it could contribute to food security on the islands, but it wouldn\u2019t be at the right scale for their products to be cheaper than imported wheat or rice.

Bernales said, \u201cHaving local grown food for local consumption has been a perennial topic to bolster agri-business\u00a0in Hawaii but there has not been a significant rise in production, consumption and revenue for farmers. People tend to eat and consume what is familiar to them.\u00a0 For the Filipino community, we like a lot of fresh fruits and vegetables, the prices right now are high.\u00a0 If there are more harvests, prices should come down but they are not.\u00a0 \u00a0Bringing back livestock farming will benefit producers and consumers alike.\u201d

Jones Act
<\/em><\/strong>Kent said lawmakers should make it less expensive to import food products, such as by urging\u00a0reform of expensive shipping regulations such as the federal Jones Act and many state maritime regulations as well.\u00a0

The Jones Act\u00a0requires that all vessels carrying goods between two U.S. points be American-built, -owned, -crewed and -flagged. It is believed by some that the Jones Act increases the cost of shipping to Hawaii, Alaska, and Puerto Rico that rely on imports by restricting the number of vessels that can legally deliver goods. Lifting the Jones Act would allow more vessels to enter Hawaii.

Proponents of the Jones Act cite protecting jobs in American shipbuilding and better control that every consumable item is shipped on schedule.\u00a0They say eliminating the Jones Act would allow foreign-built ships to operate in our domestic trade and rewards countries like China, at the expense of U.S. businesses and jobs.\u00a0And that timely delivery wouldn\u2019t be as effective with foreign operated vessels.

Stevedores often complain that they are wrongfully blamed for the high cost of shipping goods. They say whether the Jones Act is lifted in Hawaii or not, their job remains the same. Rather, some say it is the punitive tax and regulatory policies that burden the American operator when compared to foreign \u201cflag of convenience\u201d shipowners that affect prices.\u00a0On the mainland, the Jones Act is said to spare infrastructure of highways and roads on the continent from deterioration with excessive ground transportation. Delivery by shipping is also believed to save on fuel and pollution.

Opinion on the Jones Act: in Hawaii Business Magazine\u2019s July 30, 2022 issue, the results of its most recent \u201cBOSS Survey and 808 Poll\u201d showed business executive\/leader\u2019s responses to the \u2018scrapped entirely\u2019 and \u2018modified\u2019 options of the Jones Act combined totaled 89% in 2022 as compared to 82% in 2020 an increase of 7 points with the greatest increase of 8 points in favor of modification.

The general public\u2019s responses to the \u2018scrapped entirely\u2019 and \u2018modified\u2019 options to the Jones Act totaled 87% in 2022 as compared to 85% in 2020 an increase of 2 points with the greatest increase of 5 points in favor of scrapping entirely.

Among both executive leaders and the general public, there is wide support for either scrapping or modifying the Jones Act.The BOSS Survey and 808 Poll asked 396 Hawai\u2018i business leaders and 444 members of the public.

When will food prices drop?
<\/em><\/strong>There\u2019s no clear consensus among economists and think tanks as to when food prices will go down. There is some consensus that the Federal Reserve\u2019s interest rate hikes could slow down the economy enough to lower inflation. This would have almost have an immediate impact on some industries like real estate and car sales. But it could take longer for food.

Alan Blinder<\/a>, professor of economics and public affairs at Princeton and former vice chairman of the Fed, suggest that inflation will not last for years. \u201cOne day, hopefully soon, food and energy prices will level off and the supply chain problems will dissipate,\u201d Binder writes in a\u00a0recent Wall Street Journal op-ed<\/a>. When that happens, says Binder, \u201d…inflation will fall as quickly and dramatically as it rose. We\u2019ve seen it happen before.\u201d

Forbes Advisor notes that key food commodity prices, including wheat, corn and soybean, have decreased from their recent highs. Wheat prices, in particular, are down 253% since mid-June of this year. But the question then is when will these lowered prices in trade trickle down to average consumers.

Paul Hughes, chief agricultural economist and director of research at S&P Global Commodity Insights, notes the Federal Reserve\u2019s recent interest rate hikes have played a role in the decline by cooling demand\u2014but it doesn\u2019t mean consumers can expect to see lower prices at the grocery store next week.

\u201cThere is a lag effect between commodity prices and the impact the consumer sees,\u201d says Hughes. \u201cIt will take a while for that to all funnel through to the consumer.\u201d

In the meantime, Hawaii residents must work with stretching their budget as far as possible with a combination of smart shopping, accessing resources and doing with less.

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